Cyber-Physical Systems

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) integrate computing technologies with physical systems through sensors, software, and communication networks to enable real-time intelligent responses. In India, the Department of Science and Technology implements the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS), approved in 2018 with a nine-year outlay of ₹3,660 crore. The mission establishes 25 Technology Innovation Hubs (TIHs) and Technology Translation Research Parks (TTRPs) to advance indigenous research, translate technologies into products, award fellowships, incubate start-ups, and form international collaborations. Additionally, initiatives like BharatGen develop sovereign AI capabilities tailored to Indian languages and contexts, supporting sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, mining, communications, cybersecurity, and mobility.