AVERAGE GROUNDWATER CONSUMPTION AND ITS QUALITY IN THE COUNTRY

The Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), in collaboration with State/UT governments, assessed the Dynamic Ground Water Resources for 2025, estimating an annual recharge of 449 billion cubic metres (BCM), extractable resource of 408 BCM and total extraction of 247 BCM. Of the extraction, 215 BCM (87 %) is for irrigation, 28 BCM (11 %) for domestic use and 4 BCM (2 %) for industry. The Stage of Ground Water Extraction stands at 60.63 %, exceeding the national average in nine States/UTs and in 281 districts. The 2025 Ground Water Quality Report indicates that 99 % of monitoring stations have water suitable for irrigation, while Bihar shows localized salinity, fluoride and nitrate issues. Initiatives such as NAQUIM 1.0/2.0, Jal Jeevan Mission, Jal Shakti Abhiyan, and PMKSY aim to improve groundwater quality, recharge, and sustainable use.