PARLIAMNENT QUESTION: STRENGTHENING CLIMATE MONITORING AND WEATHER FORECASTING SYSTEMS

The Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) reports that the Government is upgrading climate monitoring and weather forecasting systems using high‑performance computing, high‑resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and AI/ML tools. The observation network includes manual stations, Automatic Weather Stations, Automated Rain Gauges, Agro‑AWS, Doppler Weather Radars, upper‑air observatories and satellites such as INSAT‑3DR, INSAT‑3DS and Oceansat‑3. Under Mission Mausam, global models (GFS, Mithuna‑FS) run at 12 km resolution, while the Bharat Forecasting System (BharatFS) operates at 6 km resolution to deliver Panchayat‑level forecasts via platforms like e‑Gramswaraj and Mausamgram. Three AI‑based global models (Pangu Weather, FourCastNet, GraphCast) are operational, and indigenous AI/ML tools support nowcasting and urban forecasting. Satellite‑based remote sensing, in partnership with ISRO, monitors cyclogenesis and Himalayan glacier dynamics.