OWNERSHIP OF PORTS IN THE COUNTRY

The twelve major ports in India are owned by the Government of India; eleven are governed by the Major Port Authorities Act, 2021, while Kamarajar Port is a wholly‑owned subsidiary of Chennai Port Authority. No major port has been privatised and land and core assets remain with the respective port authorities. Over the last ten years, several berths and terminals have been developed under the PPP model through transparent competitive bidding, as listed in Annexure‑A. Revenue of the major ports has risen from ₹17,671.49 crore in FY 2021‑22 to a provisional ₹26,582.77 crore in FY 2025‑26. The Government has standardised the Model Concession Agreement to ensure competition and public‑interest protection while promoting the landlord‑port model for private participation.